captainarkdotnet/output/private-git-repo.html
2016-01-31 13:43:06 +01:00

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<h1>Private git repo</h1>
<span class="meta">Posted by
<a href="./author/antoine-joubert.html">Antoine Joubert</a>
on Sun 31 January 2016
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<h2>Introduction</h2>
<p>I've decided to migrate this blog to <a href="http://blog.getpelican.com/">Pelican</a>. I've been playing around with it over the week-end, and it turns out to be way easier to manage than <a href="https://jekyllrb.com/">Jekyll</a>. Themes are way easier to install and configure, so it ends up looking better as well !</p>
<p>Since I'm basically recreating this blog from scratch, I've decided to delete the old git repo that was hosting it, and to create a new one.</p>
<p>Setting up your own private git repo is pretty easy to achieve and is already well-documented on the <a href="https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-on-the-Server-Setting-Up-the-Server">Git</a> website.</p>
<p>However, since every time I want to create a new repo , I end up have to look for that page since I've had time to forget how to do it, I figured I'd write a few lines on the subject.</p>
<p>In this tutorial, I'll configure a git repo on a distant server running Debian 8 (Jessie). This repo will be remotely accessible using SSH. Two users will be able to connect to it : me and the www-data user on my webserver.</p>
<h2>SSH keys</h2>
<p>If you don't have one already, you'll need a ssh-key to connect to the git repo.</p>
<p>On your computer, in a shell, as your usual user :</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre>ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 3072
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key <span class="o">(</span>/home/user/.ssh/id_rsa<span class="o">)</span>:
Enter passphrase <span class="o">(</span>empty <span class="k">for</span> no passphrase<span class="o">)</span>:
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /home/user/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /home/user/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
<span class="o">[</span>Redacted<span class="o">]</span>
</pre></div>
<p>For security reasons, configuring a passphrase is recommanded. On Mac OS X and most desktop environnements on Linux, you can store this passphrase for the duration of your session using the <code>ssh-add</code> command.</p>
<p>On the server, we also have to create a ssh-key for the user that is running our webserver (you'll need to have sudo installed on your server) :</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre>sudo -H -u www-data ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 3072
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key <span class="o">(</span>/var/www/.ssh/id_rsa<span class="o">)</span>:
Enter passphrase <span class="o">(</span>empty <span class="k">for</span> no passphrase<span class="o">)</span>:
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /var/www/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /var/www/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
<span class="o">[</span>Redacted<span class="o">]</span>
</pre></div>
<p>If you decide to configure a passphrase for that ssh-key, you'll have to type it every time you'll want to pull from your repo.</p>
<h2>Server management</h2>
<p>First thing first, we have to install the git package on the server that will be hosting the git repo :</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre>apt update <span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span> apt install git -y
</pre></div>
<p>Then, we will create a user named git :</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre>useradd -s /usr/bin/git-shell -m -r git
</pre></div>
<p>This will create a system user (UID &lt; 1000) with a /home/git home directory. If you want to host your git repos somewhere else on your filesystem, you should add a <code>-d /home/directory/for/git</code> in the previous command.</p>
<p>This user will also use the git-shell shell. This limits remote connection to that user to git commands (like the rssh shell can limit remote connection to a user to scp or rsync commands).</p>
<p>We have to configure our system to allow the use of this shell :</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nb">echo</span> <span class="s1">&#39;/usr/bin/git-shell&#39;</span> &gt;&gt; /etc/shells
</pre></div>
<p>We now need to create the .ssh/authorized_keys file for the git user with the correct permissions :</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre>sudo -H -u git mkdir /home/git/.ssh <span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span> chmod <span class="m">700</span> /home/git/.ssh
sudo -H -u git touch /home/git/.ssh/authorized_keys <span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span> chmod <span class="m">600</span> /home/git/.ssh/authorized_keys
</pre></div>
<p>You can now copy the content of the two $HOME/.ssh/id_rsa.pub files we've created earlier using the <code>ssh-keygen</code> command in /home/git/.ssh/authorized_keys.</p>
<p>The last thing we have to do is to create our first git repo. In this example, my project will be called 'captainarknet' as it will be hosting this blog :</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre>sudo -H -u git mkdir /home/git/captainarknet.git
<span class="nb">cd</span> /home/git/captainarknet.git
sudo -H -u git git init --bare
</pre></div>
<p>The last command should give you the following output :</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre>Initialized empty Git repository in /home/git/captainarknet.git/.git/
</pre></div>
<p>We're done with the server configuration. Let's now actually push stuff to our repo !</p>
<h3>Initial push</h3>
<p>The files for my blog are store in the ~/Documents/projects/captainarknet on my computer. Before doing anything else, we first have to make sure that we currently are in that folder :</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nb">cd</span> ~/Documents/projects/captainarknet
</pre></div>
<p>Let's now push the content of that folder to our repo :</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre>git init
git add .
git commit -m &#39;initial commit&#39;
git remote add origin git@git.captainark.net:captainarknet.git
git push origin master
</pre></div>
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