727 lines
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<h1 class="post-title">WebDAV with nginx</h1>
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<small></small>
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<section class="post-meta">
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<time class="post-date" datetime="2016-03-26T00:00:00+01:00">
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26 March 2016
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<section class="post-content">
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<p>This website has been hosted on an <a href="https://www.online.net">Online.net</a> dedicated server since its creation. I’ve been one of their customers for the past 3 years now, and I still don’t have anything bad to say about them.</p>
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<p>They recently upgraded their personnal range, and I took the opportunity to upgrade from a single server running all of my services to 2 servers running LXC containers that are hosting my services.</p>
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<p>It took me 2 days to migrate everything, but it was worth it. If I decide to switch servers again, I’ll have to migrate the containers instead of the services themselves. Considering they are stored on a separate BTRFS volume, it shouldn’t take me more than a few hours at most.</p>
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<p>During the migration, I realized that I needed to make files that were hosted on one server accessible to the other. I could have gone with CIFS or NFS, but I wanted to have encryption built-in instead of having to rely on a VPN for that. Since I figured it was a good opportunity to learn something new, I ended up going with WebDAV.</p>
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<p>In this tutorial, I’ll explain how I’ve configured a read-only WebDAV share using <a href="https://www.nginx.com/">nginx</a> and <a href="https://letsencrypt.org/">Let’sEncrypt</a> SSL certificates between two Debian Jessie containers.</p>
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<h2 id="server-configuration">Server configuration</h2>
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<h3 id="installing-the-required-packages">Installing the required packages</h3>
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<p>First thing first, we need to install the packages we’ll need for this configuration :</p>
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<pre><code class="language-bash">apt update
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apt -t jessie-backports install nginx letsencrypt
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apt install apache2-utils
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</code></pre>
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<h3 id="getting-our-first-certificate-from-letsencrypt">Getting our first certificate from letsencrypt</h3>
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<h4 id="letsencrypt-configuration">letsencrypt configuration</h4>
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<p>Let’s create a configuration file for letsencrypt :</p>
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<pre><code class="language-bash">mkdir /etc/letsencrypt
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echo 'rsa-key-size = 3072
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renew-by-default
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text = True
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agree-tos = True
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renew-by-default = True
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authenticator = webroot
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email = admin@example.com
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webroot-path = /var/www/letsencrypt/' > /etc/letsencrypt/cli.ini
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</code></pre>
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<p><em>Please do modify admin@example.com by your actual e-mail address.</em></p>
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<p>We also need to create the directory structure where letsencrypt ACME challenge temporary files will be stored :</p>
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<pre><code>mkdir -p /var/www/letsencrypt/.well-known
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</code></pre>
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<h4 id="nginx-configuration">nginx configuration</h4>
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<p>We now need to configure nginx by adding the following in the <code>/etc/nginx/sites-available/default</code> file, anywhere in the <code>server{}</code> block that is configured to listen on port 80.</p>
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<pre><code>location /.well-known/acme-challenge {
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root /var/www/letsencrypt;
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}
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</code></pre>
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<p>Let’s make sure that we haven’t done anything wrong :</p>
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<pre><code class="language-bash">nginx -t
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</code></pre>
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<p>The command should give you the following output :</p>
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<pre><code>nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
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nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
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</code></pre>
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<p>If that’s the case, you can safely reload the nginx daemon :</p>
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<pre><code>nginx -s reload
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</code></pre>
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<h4 id="certificate-request">Certificate request</h4>
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<p>Now that letsencrypt and nginx are properly configured, we can request our certificate from letsencrypt :</p>
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<pre><code class="language-bash">letsencrypt --config /etc/letsencrypt/cli.ini certonly -w /var/www/letsencrypt -d www.example.com
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</code></pre>
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<p><em>Please do modify www.example.com by your server’s FQDN, and please note that the letsencrypt servers need to be able to resolve that name to your server’s IP.</em></p>
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<p>If everything goes well, your certificates will be generated and stored in the /etc/letsencrypt folder.</p>
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<h3 id="webdav-configuration">WebDAV configuration</h3>
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<p>Now that we’ve obtained our certificate from letsencrypt, we can begin configuring nginx.</p>
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<p>First, we need to comment two SSL directives from the default nginx configuration :</p>
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<pre><code>sed -i '/ssl_/ s/^/#/' /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
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</code></pre>
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<p>Let’s now create a <code>/etc/nginx/conf.d/ssl.conf</code> with the following content :</p>
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<pre><code>ssl_session_timeout 1d;
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ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:50m;
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ssl_session_tickets off;
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ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/www.example.com/fullchain.pem;
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ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/www.example.com/privkey.pem;
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ssl_trusted_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/www.example.com/fullchain.pem;
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ssl_dhparam /etc/nginx/ssl/dhparam.pem;
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ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;
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ssl_ciphers 'ECDHE-ECDSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:ECDHE-RSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:DHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-SHA:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-SHA:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA:DHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES128-SHA:DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA:ECDHE-ECDSA-DES-CBC3-SHA:ECDHE-RSA-DES-CBC3-SHA:EDH-RSA-DES-CBC3-SHA:AES128-GCM-SHA256:AES256-GCM-SHA384:AES128-SHA256:AES256-SHA256:AES128-SHA:AES256-SHA:DES-CBC3-SHA:!DSS';
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ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
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add_header Strict-Transport-Security max-age=15768000;
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add_header X-Frame-Options DENY;
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add_header X-Content-Type-Options nosniff;
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ssl_stapling on;
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ssl_stapling_verify on;
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resolver 127.0.0.1 valid=300s;
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resolver_timeout 5s;
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</code></pre>
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<p><em>This configuration will work if you’re using a single certificate on your server. If not, you’ll have to remove the <code>ssl_certificate</code>, <code>ssl_certificate_key</code> and <code>ssl_trusted_certificate</code> directives from this file and move them to the correct <code>server{}</code> block.</em></p>
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<p>We now need to generate a <code>dhparam.pem</code> file :</p>
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<pre><code class="language-bash">mkdir /etc/nginx/ssl && chmod 700 /etc/nginx/ssl
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openssl dhparam -out /etc/nginx/ssl/dhparam.pem 3072
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chmod 600 /etc/nginx/ssl/dhparam.pem
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</code></pre>
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<p>Let’s now generate a HTTP basic authentication file. This example creates a user named example :</p>
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<pre><code>mkdir /etc/nginx/auth
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htpasswd -c /etc/nginx/auth/webdav example
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New password:
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Re-type new password:
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Adding password for user user
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</code></pre>
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<p>This file has to be readable by the user running your webserver. For security reasons, we’ll make it readable only by him :</p>
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<pre><code>chown -R www-data:nogroup /etc/nginx/auth
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chmod 700 /etc/nginx/auth
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chmod 400 /etc/nginx/auth/webdav
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</code></pre>
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<p>Let’s now modify our <code>/etc/nginx/sites-available/default</code> file with the following content :</p>
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<pre><code>server {
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listen 80 default_server;
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listen [::]:80 default_server ipv6only=on;
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server_name "";
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return 444;
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}
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server {
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listen 443 default_server ssl http2;
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listen [::]:443 default_server ipv6only=on ssl http2;
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server_name "";
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return 444;
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}
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</code></pre>
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<p>We now have to create a <code>/etc/nginx/sites-available/example</code> file that will contain our actual webdav configuration. This example makes a <code>data</code> folder stored in <code>/var/www/</code> accessible.</p>
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<pre><code>server {
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listen 80;
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listen [::]:80;
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server_name www.example.com;
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return 301 https://$server_name$request_uri;
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}
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server {
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listen 443 ssl http2;
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listen [::]:443 ssl http2;
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server_name www.example.com;
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root /var/www;
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location / {
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index index.html;
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}
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location /.well-known/acme-challenge {
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root /var/www/letsencrypt;
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}
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location /data {
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client_body_temp_path /tmp;
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dav_methods PUT DELETE MKCOL COPY MOVE;
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dav_ext_methods PROPFIND OPTIONS;
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create_full_put_path on;
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dav_access user:r group:r;
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auth_basic "Restricted access";
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auth_basic_user_file auth/webdav;
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limit_except GET {
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allow <YOUR IP HERE>;
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deny all;
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}
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}
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}
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</code></pre>
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<p>The last thing we have to do is to create a symlink so that nginx will load our configuration :</p>
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<pre><code>ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/example /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/example
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</code></pre>
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<p>Like before, let’s make sure our configuration is correct and then reload the daemon :</p>
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<pre><code>nginx -t
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nginx -s reload
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</code></pre>
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<p>That’s it for the WebDAV configuration server-side !</p>
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<h3 id="nginx-monitoring">nginx monitoring</h3>
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<p>If you’re using monit, you can easily monitor the nginx daemon by copying the following in <code>/etc/monit/conf.d/nginx</code> :</p>
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<pre><code>check process nginx
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with pidfile "/run/nginx.pid"
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start program = "/bin/systemctl start nginx"
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stop program = "/bin/systemctl stop nginx"
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alert monit@example.com
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</code></pre>
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<h3 id="certificates-auto-renewal">Certificates auto-renewal</h3>
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<p>This goes beyond the scope of the article, but since letsencrypt certficates are only valid for 3 months, you’ll need to renew them regularily. You can do so manually or you can setup a cron that does it for you.</p>
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<p>I personnaly use the following script :</p>
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<pre><code>#!/bin/bash
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PRG="/usr/bin/letsencrypt"
|
|
CONFIG="/etc/letsencrypt/cli.ini"
|
|
MAILDEST="admin@example.com"
|
|
GLOBAL=0
|
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|
|
# www.example.com
|
|
$PRG --config $CONFIG certonly -w /var/www/letsencrypt -d www.example.com
|
|
[[ $? != 0 ]] && GLOBAL=$(( $GLOBAL + 1 ))
|
|
|
|
if [[ $GLOBAL == 0 ]]; then
|
|
/usr/sbin/nginx -s reload
|
|
else
|
|
echo "Something went wrong while renewing the certificates on $(hostname -f)
|
|
Manual action needed." | mail -s "Letsencrypt error on $(hostname -f)" $MAILDEST
|
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fi
|
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</code></pre>
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|
<p>You can add multiple domains in the script. As long as you add all 3 lines for each domain, it will not automatically reload nginx if one or more certificate could not be renewed and will send an e-mail to the address configured in the <code>MAILDEST</code> variable.</p>
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<p>You can configure this script in the root user crontab using the <code>crontab -e</code> command :</p>
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<pre><code>## LETSENCRYPT CERTIFICATE AUTORENEWAL
|
|
30 03 01 */2 * /root/bin/tlsrenew
|
|
</code></pre>
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|
|
<p>This will run the script every two months, on the first day of the month, at 3:30 AM.</p>
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|
|
<h2 id="client-configuration">Client configuration</h2>
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|
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<h3 id="installing-the-required-packages-1">Installing the required packages</h3>
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|
|
<p>A single package is required to mount a webdav volume on Debian :</p>
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|
|
<pre><code>apt update && apt install davfs2
|
|
</code></pre>
|
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|
|
<h3 id="mounting-the-share-manually">Mounting the share manually</h3>
|
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|
<p>If like me, you want to mount your webdav share in a LXC container, you’ll first need to make sure that the following line is present in its configuration file :</p>
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|
<pre><code>lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 10:229 rwm
|
|
</code></pre>
|
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|
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<p>You’ll also need to create the <code>/dev/fuse</code> node in the container :</p>
|
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|
|
<pre><code>mknod /dev/fuse c 10 229
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
|
|
<p>In any case, we have to edit the <code>/etc/davfs2/secrets</code> file to add the mount point, username and password that will be used to mount the share :</p>
|
|
|
|
<pre><code>echo '/data webdav notanactualpassword' >> /etc/davfs2/secrets
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
|
|
<p>Once that’s done, we can mount our share with the following command :</p>
|
|
|
|
<pre><code>mount -t davfs https://www.example.com/data /data -o ro,dir_mode=750,file_mode=640,uid=root,gid=root
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
|
|
<p>You might need to edit the parameters depending on which users you want to make the share available to.</p>
|
|
|
|
<h3 id="mouting-the-share-on-boot">Mouting the share on boot</h3>
|
|
|
|
<p>A davfs volume can be mounted via the <code>/etc/fstab</code> file, but I decided to use monit instead so that the volume would be mounted again automatically should my WebDAV server reboot.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>In order to do so, I first created a <code>davfs.txt</code> file in the <code>/var/www/data</code> folder on my WebDAV server :</p>
|
|
|
|
<pre><code>touch /var/www/data/davfs.txt
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
|
|
<p>I then created the following <code>/root/bin/mount_davfs</code> script :</p>
|
|
|
|
<pre><code>#!/bin/bash
|
|
|
|
mknod /dev/fuse c 10 229
|
|
mount -t davfs https://www.example.com/data /data -o ro,dir_mode=750,file_mode=640,uid=root,gid=root
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
|
|
<p>The last thing I did was create a <code>/etc/monit/conf.d/davfs</code> file with the following content :</p>
|
|
|
|
<pre><code>check file davfs with path /data/davfs.txt
|
|
alert monit@example.com
|
|
if does not exist then exec "/root/bin/mount_davfs"
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
|
|
<p>That way, if monit notices that the <code>/data/davfs.txt</code> file becomes inaccessible for some reason, it will try remouting the share.</p>
|
|
|
|
<h2 id="conclusion">Conclusion</h2>
|
|
|
|
<p>That’s all ! Hopefully this has been useful to someone. Please do comment below if you have any question or if this has been helpful !</p>
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<h4><a href="https://www.captainark.net/">Antoine Joubert</a></h4>
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<p>Geek | Gamer | TV Shows Aficionado</p>
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