540 lines
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540 lines
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<header class="post-header">
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<h1 class="post-title">Self-hosted report-uri</h1>
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<small></small>
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<section class="post-meta">
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<time class="post-date" datetime="2018-11-27T00:00:00+01:00">
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27 November 2018
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</time>
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</section>
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</header>
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<section class="post-content">
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<p>I’ve been playing with the security headers for this website for the past few days, most notably with the <code>Content-Security-Policy</code> as well as the <code>Expect-CT</code> headers.</p>
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<p>After having spent a few hours on this, I’m pretty happy with the results !</p>
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<p><img src="https://www.captainark.net/images/mozilla_observatory.png" alt="Screenshot-2018-11-27-at-21.52.58" />
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Source : <a href="https://observatory.mozilla.org/">Observatory by Mozilla</a></p>
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<p>This website runs on a <a href="https://ghost.org/">Ghost</a> installation that I keep up-to-date. Since an update might mean that the site will try to load new external resources, the <code>Content-Security-Policy</code> header might need updating as well.</p>
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<p>This header has a <code>report-uri</code> directive that makes web browsers send json-formatted messages of policy violations they encounter.</p>
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<p>There’s a great website (<a href="https://report-uri.com/">Report-URI</a>) that you can use to handle these reports. It allows up to 10.000 reports per month with a free account, which should be enough for a low to mid trafic website once you’ve setup your initial policy.</p>
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<p>However, since I’m all about self-hosting <em>all of the things</em>, I figured I would configure my own report-uri using a php script.</p>
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<h2 id="the-script">The script</h2>
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<p>This script is heavily inspired from the ones available <a href="https://github.com/LastBreach/csp-report-to-syslog">here</a> and <a href="https://mathiasbynens.be/notes/csp-reports">here</a>.</p>
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<p>The script checks that the content that was sent by the web browser is correctly formatted json message. It then removes the backslashes from the message, opens a connection to the local syslog daemon and sends the message.</p>
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<pre><code class="language-php"><?php
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// Send `204 No Content` status code.
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http_response_code(204);
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// collect data from post request
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$data = file_get_contents('php://input');
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if ($data = json_decode($data)) {
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// Remove slashes from the JSON-formatted data.
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$data = json_encode(
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$data, JSON_UNESCAPED_SLASHES
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);
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# set options for syslog daemon
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openlog('report-uri', LOG_NDELAY, LOG_USER);
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# send warning about csp report
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syslog(LOG_WARNING, $data);
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}
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?>
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</code></pre>
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<h2 id="nginx">Nginx</h2>
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<p>I won’t go into too much details regarding the nginx configuration here as I’ve written on this subject before.</p>
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<p>Since I now have a wildcard Let’s Encrypt certificate on captainark.net, I’ve decided to use a dedicated vhost for my report-uri. However, a subfolder would work just as well. Just make sure the script is stored in a folder that nginx can access.</p>
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<p>I’ve also decided to call the script <code>index.php</code>. You can call it whatever you want, but your <code>report-uri</code> directive will have to match the full URL of the script (if I had named the script <code>report.php</code>, my <code>report-uri</code> would have been <code>https://report-uri.captainark.net/report.php</code> instead of <code>https://report-uri.captainark.net</code>).</p>
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<p>A nginx location configured as follows should do the trick :</p>
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<pre><code> location / {
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index index.php;
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location ~ \.php$ {
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try_files $uri =404;
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fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+?\.php)(/.*)$;
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fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php/php7.0-fpm.sock;
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fastcgi_index index.php;
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include fastcgi.conf;
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fastcgi_hide_header X-Powered-By;
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}
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}
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</code></pre>
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<p>I’ve omitted the security headers I usually configure in all locations here because they are outside of the scope of this article (HSTS, X-Frame-Options, etc.)</p>
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<p>Once you’ve configured nginx, you can <code>nginx -t</code> to check that the syntax is correct, and <code>nginx -s reload</code> to reload the configuration.</p>
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<h2 id="syslog-ng">Syslog-ng</h2>
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<p>Now that our reports are being sent to syslog-ng, we need to log them as proprely formatted json messages, in a dedicated file.</p>
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<p>I’ve created a <code>/etc/syslog-ng/conf.d/report-uri.conf</code> configuration file for that :</p>
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<pre><code>filter f_report-uri { program ("report-uri"); };
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destination d_report-uri { file ("/var/log/report-uri/report-uri.json" template("{\"@timestamp\": \"${ISODATE}\", \"host\": \"${HOST}\", \"message\": ${MSG} }\n")); };
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log { source(s_src); filter (f_report-uri); destination (d_report-uri); flags(final); };
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</code></pre>
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<p>We’ll also need to create the folder for the logs :</p>
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<pre><code>mkdir -m 0750 /var/log/report-uri
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chown root:adm /var/log/report-uri
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</code></pre>
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<p>You can then reload syslog-ng with a <code>systemctl reload syslog-ng.service</code></p>
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<p>Policy violation messages should now start to appear in the <code>/var/log/report-uri/report-uri.json</code></p>
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<p>If you want to test that it’s working, you can create a <code>csp.json</code> file with the following content :</p>
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<pre><code class="language-json">{"csp-report":{"document-uri":"https://www.captainark.net/foo/bar","referrer":"https://www.google.com/","violated-directive":"default-src self","original-policy":"default-src self; report-uri https://report-uri.captainark.net","blocked-uri":"http://jscryptocurrency.cx"}}
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</code></pre>
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<p>You can now <code>POST</code> it to your report-uri :</p>
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<pre><code>curl -XPOST https://report-uri.captainark.net -d @csp.json
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</code></pre>
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<p>The message should be added to your <code>report-uri.json</code> log file, and you should be able to prettify it with <code>jq</code> :</p>
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<pre><code class="language-json">tail -n1 /var/log/report-uri/report-uri.json | jq
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{
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"@timestamp": "2018-11-27T22:57:06+01:00",
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"host": "webserver",
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"message": {
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"csp-report": {
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"document-uri": "https://www.captainark.net/foo/bar",
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"referrer": "https://www.google.com/",
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"violated-directive": "default-src self",
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"original-policy": "default-src self; report-uri https://report-uri.captainark.net",
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"blocked-uri": "http://jscryptocurrency.cx"
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}
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}
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}
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</code></pre>
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<h2 id="logrotate">Logrotate</h2>
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<p>It’s always a good idea to configure a log rotation when you add a new log file. To do so, let’s create the <code>/etc/logrotate.d/report-uri</code> file with the following content :</p>
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<pre><code>/var/log/report-uri/report-uri.json {
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rotate 8
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weekly
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notifempty
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missingok
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create 640 root adm
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compress
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copytruncate
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}
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</code></pre>
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<h2 id="conclusion">Conclusion</h2>
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<p>This configuration works as a report-uri for the <code>Content-Security</code> header as well as the newer <code>Expect-CT</code> header, and any future header that uses a report-uri directive (as long as the generated messages are json formatted).</p>
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<p>Having a log file instead of the clean web interface of <a href="https://report-uri.com/">Report URI</a> is not for everybody, but it is more than enough for my use case (this site gets like 10 clicks a day when I’m not playing with it so… yeah.)</p>
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<p>Since the log messages are formatted in json, they should be pretty easy to integrate in <a href="https://www.elastic.co/">Elasticsearch</a> or <a href="https://www.graylog.org/">Graylog</a>. If I ever decide to configure one of those solutions, I should then be able to configure cool looking dashboards in Grafana as well.</p>
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<p>As always, if you’ve found this article useful in any way, please let me know in the comments here, on <a href="https://twitter.com/captainark">Twitter</a> or on the <a href="https://social.captainark.net/users/captainark">Fediverse</a> if you’re a real cool kid !</p>
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<section class="author">
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<h4><a href="https://www.captainark.net/">Antoine Joubert</a></h4>
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<p>Geek | Gamer | TV Shows Aficionado</p>
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<span class="author-location icon-location">Angers, France</span>
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