146 lines
5.5 KiB
Markdown
146 lines
5.5 KiB
Markdown
Title: Private git repo
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Date: 2016-01-31
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Category: Tutorial
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## Introduction
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I've decided to migrate this blog to [Pelican](http://blog.getpelican.com/). I've been playing around with it over the week-end, and it turns out to be way easier to manage than [Jekyll](https://jekyllrb.com/). Themes are way easier to install and configure, so it ends up looking better as well !
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Since I'm basically recreating this blog from scratch, I've decided to delete the old git repo that was hosting it, and to create a new one.
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Setting up your own private git repo is pretty easy to achieve and is already well-documented on the [Git](https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-on-the-Server-Setting-Up-the-Server) website.
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However, since every time I want to create a new repo , I end up have to look for that page since I've had time to forget how to do it, I figured I'd write a few lines on the subject.
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In this tutorial, I'll configure a git repo on a distant server running Debian 8 (Jessie). This repo will be remotely accessible using SSH. Two users will be able to connect to it : me and the www-data user on my webserver.
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## SSH Keys
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If you don't have one already, you'll need a ssh-key to connect to the git repo.
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On your computer, in a shell, as your usual user :
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```bash
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ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 3072
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Generating public/private rsa key pair.
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Enter file in which to save the key (/home/user/.ssh/id_rsa):
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Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
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Enter same passphrase again:
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Your identification has been saved in /home/user/.ssh/id_rsa.
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Your public key has been saved in /home/user/id_rsa.pub.
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The key fingerprint is:
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[Redacted]
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```
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For security reasons, configuring a passphrase is recommanded. On Mac OS X and most desktop environnements on Linux, you can store this passphrase for the duration of your session using the `ssh-add` command.
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On the server, we also have to create a ssh-key for the user that is running our webserver (you'll need to have sudo installed on your server) :
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```bash
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sudo -H -u www-data ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 3072
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Generating public/private rsa key pair.
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Enter file in which to save the key (/var/www/.ssh/id_rsa):
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Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
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Enter same passphrase again:
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Your identification has been saved in /var/www/.ssh/id_rsa.
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Your public key has been saved in /var/www/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
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The key fingerprint is:
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[Redacted]
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```
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If you decide to configure a passphrase for that ssh-key, you'll have to type it every time you'll want to pull from your repo.
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## Server management
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First thing first, we have to install the git package on the server that will be hosting the git repo :
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```bash
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apt update && apt install git -y
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```
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Then, we will create a user named git :
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```bash
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useradd -s /usr/bin/git-shell -m -r git
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```
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This will create a system user (UID < 1000) with a /home/git home directory. If you want to host your git repos somewhere else on your filesystem, you should add a `-d /home/directory/for/git` in the previous command.
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This user will also use the git-shell shell. This limits remote connection to that user to git commands (like the rssh shell can limit remote connection to a user to scp or rsync commands).
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We have to configure our system to allow the use of this shell :
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```bash
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echo '/usr/bin/git-shell' >> /etc/shells
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```
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We now need to create the .ssh/authorized_keys file for the git user with the correct permissions :
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```bash
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sudo -H -u git mkdir /home/git/.ssh && chmod 700 /home/git/.ssh
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sudo -H -u git touch /home/git/.ssh/authorized_keys && chmod 600 /home/git/.ssh/authorized_keys
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```
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You can now copy the content of the two $HOME/.ssh/id_rsa.pub files we've created earlier using the `ssh-keygen` command in /home/git/.ssh/authorized_keys.
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The last thing we have to do is to create our first git repo. In this example, my project will be called 'captainarknet' as it will be hosting this blog :
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```bash
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sudo -H -u git mkdir /home/git/captainarknet.git
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cd /home/git/captainarknet.git
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sudo -H -u git git init --bare
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```
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The last command should give you the following output :
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```bash
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Initialized empty Git repository in /home/git/captainarknet.git/.git/
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```
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We're done with the server configuration. Let's now actually push stuff to our repo !
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### Initial push
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The files for my blog are store in the ~/Documents/projects/captainarknet on my computer. Before doing anything else, we first have to make sure that we currently are in that folder :
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```bash
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cd ~/Documents/projects/captainarknet
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```
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Let's now push the content of that folder to our repo :
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```bash
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git init
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git add .
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git commit -m 'initial commit'
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git remote add origin git@git.captainark.net:captainarknet.git
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git push origin master
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```
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Please note that you'll need to edit **git.captainark.net** to the FQDN or IP of your git server, and **captainarknet.git** to the name of the git project on your server.
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If everything went well, the last command should give you the following output :
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```bash
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Counting objects: 69, done.
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Delta compression using up to 4 threads.
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Compressing objects: 100% (64/64), done.
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Writing objects: 100% (69/69), 1.01 MiB | 0 bytes/s, done.
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Total 69 (delta 15), reused 0 (delta 0)
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To git@git.captainark.net:captainarknet.git
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* [new branch] master -> master
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```
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Thats'it, we've now pushed our first commit to our server !
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## First pull
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Alright, time to pull the files we've just pushed on our webserver. I personally store my web content in /var/www ; if you don't, you'll have to adjust the path accordingly :
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```bash
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cd /var/www
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sudo -H -u www-data git pull git@git.captainark.net:captainarknet.git
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```
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## Conclusion
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